[fpr 940] 心理学実験研究パラダイムの確立者

南風原＠東大教育心理です。

守　一雄 さんが以下のように書いています：

>　現代心理学の最も一般的な研究法は、実験計画を立てて、行動データをとり、その
>結果を統計的検定にかける、というものですが、この研究パラダイムはいつ頃、どこ
>で（国・大学）で、誰によって確立されたのでしょうか？

関連する記述が Cowles, M. (1989). Statistics in psychology: An historical 
perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. の第１１章 The design of experiments 
にありますので，下記に引用します。

In psychological studies, some of the earliest work that used true 
experimental designs is that of Thorndike and Woodworth (1901) on transfer 
of training.  They used "before-after" designs, control group designs, and 
correlational studies in their work.  However, the now routine inclusion of 
control groups in experimental investigations in psychology does not appear 
to have been an accepted necessity until about 50 years ago.  In fact, 
controlled experimentation in psychology more or less coincided with the 
introduction of Fisherian statistics and the two quite quickly became 
inseparable.  Of course it would be both foolish and wrong to imply that 
early empirical investigations in psychology were completely lacking in rigor, 
and mistaken conclusions rife.  The point is that it was not until the 1920s 
and 1930s that the "rules" of controlled experimentation were spelled out and 
appreciated in the psychological sciences. (pp. 149-150)

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南風原朝和 haebara (at) educhan.p.u-tokyo.ac.jp 
〒113-0033 東京大学 大学院教育学研究科
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