東京医科歯科大学の松田です。 ボストン大学教授 渡邊武郎先生の講演会を開催します。 渡邊先生は近年心理物理実験、fMRI、TMS、MEGといったさまざまな計測手法を使用し perceptual learningのメカニズムについて多くの著明な結果を報告されています。 入場無料、事前申し込みの必要もありません。 多くの皆様のご参加をお待ちしております。 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 心療緩和医療学分野セミナー 講師：渡邊武郎教授（Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston University） 日時： 平成１６年１月３０日（金） 午後６時３０分から 場所： 東京医科歯科大学臨床講堂第１（新棟地下１階） ＊午後６時以降は「夜間救急入口」より中にお入りください。 演題名：Perceptual learning without perception is not passive. 抄録： The brain demonstrates an amazing ability to become increasingly sensitive to important stimuli. It is often claimed that we become more sensitive only to the critical signals in the tasks we attend to. However, our recent series of experiments have shown that perceptual learning occurs with little attention. First, mere exposure to sub-threshold and task-irrelevant motion coherence signals led to enhancement in sensitivity to the motion direction. This finding indicates that attention is not necessary for perceptual learning (Watanabe, Nanez & Sasaki, 2001). Second, exposure to two types of task?irrelevant motion that are processed at different levels of visual processing improved sensitivity only at the lower?level. These results suggest that task-irrelevant perceptual learning occurs at a very low-level (Watanabe et al, 2002). Third, we addressed the question as to whether such task-irrelevant learning occurs purely passively (caused by stimulus-exposure). During exposure, we presented four different directions of motion an equal number of times, but the direction of interest (DOI) was paired with the task targets. If learning is purely passive, thresholds should improve equally for all the presented directions. Surprisingly, the threshold improved only for the DOI. These results show that learning of a task-irrelevant and sub-threshold feature is not purely passive, but it occurs only when the feature is correlated with a task target (Seitz & Watanabe,2003). Based on these findings, we propose a model in which diffuse reinforcement learning signals perform an important role, complementary to focused attention in perceptual learning. Watanabe, T., Sasaki, Y. & Nanez, J. (2001). Perceptual learning without perception, Nature,413, 844-848. Watanabe, T. et al (2002). Greater plasticity in lower?level than higher?level visual processing revealed by passive perceptual learning, Nature Neuroscience, 5, 1002-1009. Seitz, A R. & Watanabe, T. (2003). Is subliminal learning really passive? Nature, 422, 36-37. （お問い合わせ） 東京医科歯科大学大学院 心療・緩和医療学分野 松田 哲也 (tel) 03-5397-8405 (email) matsuda.psyc (at) tmd.ac.jp ********************************************** Tetsuya MATSUDA E-mail matsuda.psyc (at) tmd.ac.jp Center of Vison Science (Watanabe Lab.), Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston University +1-(617) 353-1104 (Voice & Fax) Section of Liaison Psychiatry and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical & Dental University +81-3-5803-5859 (Phone) +81-3-5803-0217 (Fax) **********************************************
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